Accuverkoop Hefra

• The primary cell
• The secundary cell
• The Planté plate
• The pasted plate
• The tubular plate
• Historical context
• Lead antimony batteries
• Low antimony batteries
• Calcium batteries
• Hybride batteries
• Recombination
• VRLA vs AGM en GEL
• Gel batteries
• AGM batteries
• TPPL (thin plate pure lead)
• Battery type & application

Around 1970 manufacturers started to replace the antimony by calcium in starter batteries. Calcium in both the positive and the negative plates brings many advantages:

•  Low water consumption (< 1 g/Ah Ce) that is so low that the original quantity of electrolyte is sufficient to last the entire design life. Many manufacturers enhance this feature by omitting the filler caps and leave only a charge indicator. The term sealed maintenance-free (in short MF or SMF) can lead to confusion with Gel or AGM batteries. The electrolyte is in this type of batteries, however, not immobilized. When (over)charged hydrogen will escape like in any flooded battery.
• Long shelf life because of the extremely low rate of self-discharge. A fully charged calcium battery can be stored for over a year before it reaches 50% state of charge (SOC) – sufficient to start deliver its cranking power.
• Low internal resistance. This allows the calcium battery to deliver its cranking power very fast. It also makes the battery accept high charging currents, takin less time to recharge.This low internal resistance also has a downside: deep discharge may cause a vehement chemical reaction at the positive plate, causing loss of active mass and seriously shortening cycle life.

The lead calcium alloy is relatively soft. This property makes it possible for battery plates to be cut or punched from a strip, called expanded metal and punched plate technology respectively Lead calcium batteries cannot be dry charged.. In comparative charts and tables is the indication to the OJ CA series/OJ CA series or CA/approx In the trade these batteries are referred to as PbCa/PbCa or Ca/CA – Ca for Calcium.